Brain Injury (PART 2)

DIAGNOSTIC TEST :(1,4,6) In emergencies the CT scan remain the best brain imaging study available, the initial procedure of choice in evaluating intracranial mass lesion and has great help to differentiate surgical form lesion from non surgical lesion. A noncontrast CT scan differentiates hemorrhagic from non hemorrhagic lesion identifies the severity of cerebral edema,the presence of mass effect,and the potential for herniation synfdrome.In addition after traumatic injury the CT scan characterizes the extent of the primary injury..identifies the need for emergent-surgical intervention (i.e.delineates mass lesion with midline shift) and predict the likelihood of...

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Brain Injury (PART 1)

INTRODUCTION : Injury in medicine ,any stress upon a part or the whole of an organism that disrupts its structure or function or both,to such a degree as to result in a pathologic process. Brain injury may be of traumatic or non traumatic origin (2) Traumatic brain injury may be due to the trauma associated with accident or personal violence. Alternatively the trauma may accompanying a variety of operative procedure including retraction,shear forces,direct tissue destruction,hemorrhage,vessels disruption with subsequent infarction.(2) Traumatic brain injury can be devided into primary and secondary injury(5). Primary injury is the injury occuring during the traumatic event therefore can...

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Aspiration Pneumonitis (PART 2)

MANAGEMENT : The first periority is to clear the upper airway and prevent asphyxia. Whenever an aspiration is observed endotracheal suctioning should be attempt promptly even if difficult intubation precipitated the aspiration. Bronchopulmonary lavage is not recomended for acidic aspirates because damage to the lungs occurs within 12 to 18 seconds(3). In addition more extensive pulmonary damage may occur due to the spread of acidic aspirates to lower regions of the lung. An immediate danger of particulate aspirates is mechanics obstruction. Bronchoscopy to remove particulate materials should be performed in this situation. Bronchoscopy is indicated for any patients...

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